PCB inspection,BGA soldering X-Ray inspection

Electronics board PCBA inspection

high quality low cost Shenzhen,cn china

Lead Free Rework
Successful rework and assembly methods have been developed with lead-free solders for all types of components. During the transition period to lead-free manufacturing rework practices have to be developed that deal with the issues related to handling, reworking, tracking and inspecting lead free PCB assemblies.
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XRAY Inspection
XRAY imaging is a widely utilized analytical tool for the SMT PCB manufacturing process. In PCB assembly area array packages such as CGA, BGAs and CSPs with their concealed solder joints, have become the main field of application for X-ray inspection.
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IR Rework
Infrared rework systems offer several advantages to the rework process. Due to the computer controlled heat and time sources the profiles stored in the rework system are highly repeatable and more precisely controlled compared to their hot air counterparts.
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Visual Inspection
A strong supplemental tool to XRAY, a boroscopic inspection tool, allows hidden solder joint or joints that are in close proximity to other nearby parts to be inspected and characterized. BEST has the capability to inspect and troubleshoot process defects through the use of this tool.
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Soldering Tip Videos
BEST IPC Master Instructors have put together hands-on demo videos for common soldering practices.
more...

BGA Rework Process
The following describes the general BGA rework process covering the development and criteria for establishing profiles for BGA removal and replacement. X Ray Inspection Services > USA

X Ray Inspection Services Suppliers - US (United States)Also Known As: X Ray Inspection; Xray Inspection Services

We found 36 results
Page: 1 2 Go to page: of 2 Magnetic Inspection Laboratory, Inc Elk Grove Village, IL, USA
www.milinc.com
Magnetic Inspection Laboratory Inc. is a full-service company with emphasis on nondestructive e xaminations, precision welding, metal finishing, and coatings. Lockheed Approved, Boeing Approved, Bell Helicopter Approved, Hamilton Sundstrand Approved, Parker Aerospace Approved, United Technology Approved, Eaton Approved, Fully NADCAP Accredited and ISO/AS 9100 Certified. More...
More detailsRNDT, Inc Johnstown, PA, USA
www.rndt.net
RNDT, Inc., Nadcap & ISO 17025 accredited NDT laboratory that provides radiographic, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, positive material identification, and CWI/QC services to all industries. Also provides weld procedure preparation and qualifications, welder certification, OSHA crane inspections, Level III services and NDT technique development & research. More...
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@Willick Engineering Company Inc. Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA
www.willick.com
X Ray Industrial Equipment, Analyzers, Ball Grid Ar ray (BGA), X Ray Inspection Images, X Ray Analyzers, Autoradiography X Ray Cassettes, X Ray Equipment Cables, X Ray Scintillation Detectors, X Ray Detectors, High Voltage X Ray Diode and Rectifier Assemblies, X Ray Shielded Enclosures, X Ray Fluorescence ( XRF) Fuel Analysis, X Ray Detection Geiger Counters, Baggage Screening X Ray Equipment Imaging Ar rays, Industrial X Ray Imaging Ar rays, Optical and X Ray Inspection Equipment, X Ray Semiconductor Inspection Equipment, Non Destructive (NDT) Test Equipment Calibration, X Ray Non Destructive Test (NDT) Equipment Repair, Non Destructive Test (NDT) Equipment or System Rent, Non Destructive
www.alfautomazione.com
Bare Fiber Single Mode Alignment Modules, Automated Assembly System Design, Turnkey Automation Solutions, Control Electronics and Software Test Systems, Electronic Component Testing, Laser Alignment Services, Metal Pressings, Consumer Electronics, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Functional Testing, Electronic Component Functional Testing, X Ray Inspection Services, Electronic Actuator Control Modules available from Alfautomation, Inc based in Palatine, IL. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
Assembly Solutions, LLC Bellevue, WA, USA
www.assemblysolutions.net
We are a manufacturer's representative specializing in products sold to the OEM and contract manufacturer of electronic equipment.
Banks Company Inc. Morrow, OH, USA
www.thebankscompany.com
X Ray Industrial Equipment, Film Processors, Radiographic Equipment, Radiographic Test Services, X Ray Film, X Ray Inspection Services, Industrial Inspection Services, X Ray Inspection Equipment available from Banks Company Inc. based in Morrow, OH. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
Danbury Engineering Inc Bethel, CT, USA
www.afabtechnology.com
X Ray Equipment Cables, Healthcare or Screening Services, Radiographic Equipment Maintenance or Repair, X Ray Accessories, X Ray Components, X Ray Inspection Services, X Ray Unit Spare Parts, X Ray Unit Accessories, Medical X Ray Units available from Danbury Engineering Inc based in Bethel, CT. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
Glenbrook Tech Inc Randolph, NJ, USA
www.glenbrooktech.com
Computer Software, Modular Absorption Systems, Inspection Systems, Medical Containers, Radiation Safety Consultancy, Inspection Services, X Ray Inspection Services, X Ray Inspection Equipment available from Glenbrook Tech Inc based in Randolph, NJ. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
H&M Analytical Services Allentown, NJ, USA
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Analytical Test Instruments, Diffractometers, Laboratory Test Analysis, Ball Mills, Sample Preparation Equipment, X Ray Inspection Services, X Ray Fluorescence ( XRF) Sample Preparation Equipment, Chemical Analysis Services available from H&M Analytical Services based in Allentown, NJ. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
Health Care Facilities, Inc. Lima, OH, USA
www.edinboromanor.com
Healthcare or Screening Services, Physical Therapy Mats, Pharmaceutical Engineering Services, Psoriasis Therapy Tazarotene Topical Gel, X Ray Inspection Services available from Health Care Facilities, Inc. based in Lima, OH. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
Inmark Corporation Norwalk, CT, USA
www.inmarkcorp.com
X Ray Inspection Services available from Inmark Corporation based in Norwalk, CT. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page.
Operations Technology,Inc Blairstown, NJ, USA
www.optek.net
X Ray Analyzers, Inspection Systems, Height Measurement Instrumentation, Reverse Engineering, X Ray Inspection Services, Video Instrumentation, X Ray Instrumentation, X Ray Inspection Equipment available from Operations Technology,Inc based in Blairstown, NJ. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
phoeni x x- ray Systems & Services Inc St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
phoenix-xray.com
Test and Measurement Instrumentation, X Ray Inspection Services, X Ray Inspection Equipment, Automatic Test and Measuring Equipment available from phoeni x x- ray Systems & Services Inc based in St. Petersburg, Florida. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
phoeni x x- ray Systems & Services Inc. St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
www.phoenix-xray.com
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Assembly, Inspection Services, X Ray Inspection Services, X Ray Inspection Equipment, Hybrid Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Inspection Systems, Packaged Device Inspection Systems, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Inspection Systems available from phoeni x x- ray Systems & Services Inc. based in St. Petersburg, Florida. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
Security Defence Systems Corp. Nutley, NJ, USA
www.inspex.net
Inspection Systems, X Ray Inspection Services available from Security Defence Systems Corp. based in Nutley, NJ. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page.
V. J. Technologies, Inc. Bohemia, NY, USA
www.vjt.com
VJ Technologies designs and develops safe, state-of-the-art real-time x- ray inspection systems for industrial, commercial, and government applications.We also off complete x- ray inspection services at our in house laboratory utilizing the best suited machines to fit your immediate requirement More...
V.J. Technologies,Inc. Bohemia, NY, USA
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Inspection Systems, X Ray Cargo Inspection Equipment, Food X Ray Inspection Equipment, X Ray Inspection Services, X Ray Inspection Equipment available from V.J. Technologies,Inc. based in Bohemia, NY. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
Willick Engineering Company, Inc. Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA
www.willick.com
Transformers, High Voltage Transformers, Voltage Transformers, X Ray Welding, X Ray Accessories, X Ray Cabinets, X Ray Components, X Ray Film, X Ray Cargo Inspection Equipment Consultancy or Design, X Ray Baggage Inspection Equipment, X Ray Cargo Inspection Equipment, Food X Ray Inspection Equipment, Pipeline Crawler X Ray Inspection Equipment, Real Time X Ray Inspection Equipment, X Ray Inspection Equipment, Real Time, Printed Circuit Boards (PCB), X Ray Inspection Equipment, Rotatable, Printed Circuit Boards (PCB), X Ray Inspection Zoom Cameras, X Ray Inspection Services, X Ray Microfocus Equipment, X Ray Security Equipment available from Willick Engineering Company, Inc. based in Santa Fe Springs, CA. Click the links below to visit our website or contact us via our profile page. More...
Anritsu Industrial Solutions USA Inc Buffalo Grove, IL, USA
www.detectionperfection.com
As the world leader in food inspection equipment, Anritsu Industrial Solutions USA, Inc. is at the forefront of detection technology. Our cutting edge X- ray inspection systems, checkweighers, and metal detectors are trusted by quality-conscious processors worldwide within the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Our products are HACCP-compliant, easy-to-use, easy-to-clean and easy-to-maintain. More... potential to change the conventional thinking and methodology of sampling meats to test for CL value, and can save meat providers and processors millions of dollars every year. More...
Viscom Norcross, GA, USA
www.viscomusa.com
As a pioneer in the field of industrial image processing Viscom is one of the most important suppliers of optical testing systems worldwide. Viscom has assumed a position of global leadership in printed circuit board inspection. More...
X-Tek Group, Inc. Tyngsboro, MA, USA
www.xtekxray.com
X-Tek Group is a leading manufacturer of x- ray inspection systems and equipment for quality control, research, and failure analysis. Dynamic and e xperienced in the field of Non Destructive Testing, we pioneer x- ray technology within a wide range of industries including; electronics, pharmaceutical, aerospace, automotive, ordnance, agricultural, and many more. More...
SabeRe x Group Austin, Texas, USA
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TyRe x Group Austin, Texas, USA
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Computer Software, Computer Services, Computer Network Services, Printed Circuit Consultancy or Design or Production Services, Test and Measurement Instrumentation, Asset Management, Ball Grid Simple item record
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10203/1607

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Title Inspection of Ball Grid Array(BGA) Solder Joints using X-ray Cross-sectional Images
Authors Roh, Y.J.; Ko, K.W.; Cho, H.S.; Kim, H.C.; Joo, H.N.; Kim, S.K.
Keywords x-ray cross-sectional image; digital tomosynthesis; solder joint inspection; BGA; neural network
Issue Date Sep-1999
Publisher International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)
Citation Intelligent Systems and Advanced Manufacturing,Boston, USA, Vol. 3836, pp: 168-178
Abstract The ball grid array(BGA) chip is widely used in high density printed circuit board(PCB). However, inspection of defects in the solder joints is difficult by visual or a normal x-ray imaging method, because unlike conventional packages with guilwing type leads, solder joints of the BGA are located underneath its own package and ball type leads. Therefore, x-ray digital tomosynthesis(DT), which form a cross-sectional image of 3-D objects, is needed to image and inspect the solder joints of BGA. In this paper, we propose a series of algorithms for inspecting the solder joints of BGA by using x-ray crosssectional images that are acquired from the developed DT system. BGA solder joints are examined to check the alignment between the chip and pad on a PCB, bridge(electrically short), adequate solder volume. The volnme of the solder joint is represented by a gray level in the x-ray images : thus solderjoints can be examined by use ofthe gray-level profiles of each joint. To inspect and classify various defects, pattern classification method using a learning vector quantization(LVQ) neural network and a look up table(LUT) is proposed. The clusters into which a gray-level profile is classified are generated by the learning process ofthe network by using a number ofsampled gray-level profiles. A series ofthese developed algorithms for inspecting and classifying defects were tested on a number of BGA solder joints. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields satisfactory solutions for inspection based on x-ray cross-sectional images.
Description Copyright 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
ISSN 0277-786X
URI http://hdl.handle.net/10203/1607
Appears in Collections ME-Conference Papers

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Items in KOASAS are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.X-TEK GROUP X-RAY SYSTEM RANGE

X-Tek has a comprehensive range of equipment available, from small benchtop systems to large walk-in rooms and in-line machines. These systems are available with a variety of x-ray sources from 100kV microfocus to 450kV mini-focus. Target types include reflection, transmission and rod-anode. Most systems have image capture and processing and some can be upgraded to include comprehensive CT capability.

Electronics Inspection Systems
Revolution
A revolution in PCB Inspection.
Hawk
High resolution, high magnification PCB inspection system with tilting vertical imaging axis and 160kV source.
Harrier
Flexible inspection system for a range of applications.
Compact
Small PCB inspection system with vertical imaging axis and 100kV X-ray Source
LinX
Low cost x-ray inspection and an effective means of process evaluation.
Computed Tomography Systems
Benchtop CT
Small general purpose CT system with horizontal imaging axis and 160kV X-ray source.
HMX CT
Medium-size general purpose CT system, compatible with X-Tek Computed Tomography Software, horizontal imaging axis with 160 or 225kV source.
HMX-ST CT
Larger cabinet version of the HMX CT.
Large Sample CT Systems
Larger but economical cabinet. Heavy Duty, five axis Manipulator inspects a 600 mm cube object. Available with 160 kV , 225kV & 320kV mini-focal or micro-focal X-ray sources.
BladeRunner
Dedicated Turbine Blade Computed Tomography and Measurement System designed specifically for the turbine blade manufacture and repair industries.
Custom Systems
Series IV Cabinet System
Highly flexible system allowing for many options of X-ray image detectors, X-ray sources and image processing. Suitable for Mini or Micro-focal X-rays 100 kV-320 kV.
X-ray Sources
X-Star CP tubes or X-Tek microfocus X-ray sources
THE SYSTEMS IN DETAIL
Revolution

The Revolution is the easiest to use, most cost effective, high quality inspection system on the market. The Revolution is designed specifically for use on production lines and in failure analysis laboratories. Intuitive software allows operators to visualize the most demanding defects.

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Harrier

The Harrier is a derivative of the Hawk system fitted with our Reflection Target X-Ray source primarily aimed at the Semiconductor Packaging market for Package Void inspection.

5 緈 Focal Spot Reflection Target X-Ray Source, 25 to 160 kV, 0 to 500 続 (non continuous) 60 Watt
5kg Capacity 3 axis fully programmable manipulator, 2kg capacity Tilt and Rotate.
Attachment gives 5 fully programmable axes.
Maximum scan area 350 x 530mm (310 x 500mm with Tilt and Rotate Attachment)
Geometric Magnification up to: 100x.
System Magnification up to: 250x.
Feature recognition: down to 1 micron.
External Cabinet Dimensions: 1060mm L, 1350mm D, 1955mm H.
Full system control and image processing software.
Common Applications include: Semiconductor packages, biological samples, plastic samples

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Compact

The entry level system for small volume production inspection. Ideal for most semicon packaging applications and for PCB's up to 325 x 300mm. The system comes as a single self contained cabinet with fully adjustable shelving for the monitor and controls. The competitive pricing of this system means that many smaller companies can now own a high performance X-ray system.

5 緈 Focal Spot Transmission Target X-Ray Source, 25 to 100 kV, 0 to 200 続 (non continuous) 10 Watt.
2kg Capacity 3 axis fully programmable manipulator, 0.5kg capacity Tilt and Rotate.
Attachment gives 5 fully programmable axes.
Maximum scan area 300 x 325mm (280 x 280mm with Tilt and Rotate Attachment)
Geometric Magnification up to: 2000x.
System Magnification up to: 5000x.
Feature recognition: down to 1 micron.
External Cabinet Dimensions: 950mm L, 875mm D, 1775mm H.
Full system control and image processing software.
Common Applications include: Electronic components and PCBs.

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LinX

The Linx is a breakthrough in cost effective x-ray inspection and an effective means of process evaluation. This compact system is suited to a broad range of applications including BGA, flip chip, PCB layer alignment and general surface mount inspection for contract manufacturers, universities and research laboratories. This user friendly system offers ease of operation and minimal training.

State of the art 100kV 'open-tube' x-ray source for high resolution imaging.
True microfocus: imaging capability better than 5 micron.
16" x 16" board capability, easy loading operator access door.
100% sample scan area for maximised sample viewing and analysis.
Adjustable image intensifier and source enabling oblique angle viewing of sample (tilt axis).
PC controlled 'iXS' software imaging system, with BGA analysis.
Compact cabinet: 980mm H x 1020mm D x 950mm W.
Image analysis software.
Common Applications include: PCB and component inspection.

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Benchtop CT

The Benchtop has a small footprint and a versatile 5-axis manipulator suitable for small mechanical assemblies or PCBs. The 60W source operates at up to 160kV, giving good penetrating power of heavier samples. The Benchtop is supplied with its own supporting bench and separate free standing control console

5 緈 Focal Spot Reflection Target, X-Ray Source, 25 to 160 kV, 0 to 1000 続 (non continuous) 60 Watt.
2kg Capacity 5 axis manually controlled manipulator.
Maximum scan area 200 x 200mm.
Geometric Magnification up to: 100x.
System Magnification up to: 200x.
Feature recognition: down to 1 micron.
External Cabinet Dimensions: 1500mm L, 700mm D, 1700mm H.
Full system control and image processing software.
Common Applications include: Medical devices, electronic devices.Business Exchange
X-ray systems for optimizing PCB inspection: x-ray systems are not all equal, and their differences affect the type of defects...
By:Lehmann, David K.
Publication: Circuits Assembly
Date: Friday, February 1 2002
Subject: Printed circuit boards (Inspection), Beverage processing machinery, Quality control equipment (Usage), Electronics industry (Inspection), Industrial x-ray equipment (Usage)
Product: Assembly & Inspection Equip, Industrial X-Ray Equip, Beverage Quality Control Equipment, Printed Circuit Boards
Location: United States

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En savoir plus sur CAT.INIST ?

? INIST Diffusion S.A.
Service Clients / Customer Service
2, all▽e du parc de Brabois
F-54514 Vandoeuvre Cedex France
T▽l : +33 (0) 3.83.50.46.64
Fax : +33 (0) 3.83.50.46.66

Courriel : infoclient@inist.fr

Titre du document / Document title
Inspection of ball grid array(BGA) solder joints using X-ray cross-sectional images
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
ROH Y. J. (1) ; KO K. W. (1) ; CHO H. S. (1) ; KIM H. C. (2) ; JOO H. N. (2) ; KIM S. K. (2) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, COREE, REPUBLIQUE DE
(2) FA Research Institute Production Engineering Center, Samsung Electroncs Co., LTD, COREE, REPUBLIQUE DE

R▽sum▽ / Abstract
The ball grid array(BGA) chip is widely used in high density printed circuit board(PCB). However, inspection of defects in the solder joints is difficult by visual or a normal x-ray imaging method, because unlike conventional packages with guilwing type leads, solder joints of the BGA are located underneath its own package and ball type leads. Therefore, x-ray digital tomosynthesis(DT), which form a cross-sectional image of 3-D objects, is needed to image and inspect the solder joints of BGA. In this paper, we propose a series of algorithms for inspecting the solder joints of BGA by using x-ray cross-sectional images that are acquired from the developed DT system. BGA solder joints are examined to check the alignment between the chip and pad on a PCB, bridge(electrically short), adequate solder volume. The volume of the solder joint is represented by a gray level in the x-ray images : thus solder joints can be examined by use of the gray-level profiles of each joint. To inspect and classify various defects, pattern classification method using a learning vector quantization(LVQ) neural network and a look up table(LUT) is proposed. The clusters into which a gray-level profile is classified are generated by the learning process of the network by using a number of sampled gray-level profiles. A series of these developed algorithms for inspecting and classifying defects were tested on a number of BGA solder joints. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields satisfactory solutions for inspection based on x-ray cross-sectional images.
Revue / Journal Title
SPIE proceedings series
Source / Source
Congrès
Machine vision systems for inspection and metrology VIII : ( Boston MA, 21-22 September 1999 )
Machine vision systems for inspection and metrology. Conference No8, Boston MA , ETATS-UNIS (21/09/1999)
1999, vol. 3836, pp. 168-178, [Note(s) : VII, 252 p., ] (18 ref.) ISBN 0-8194-3429-9 ; Illustration : Illustration ;
Langue / Language
Anglais

Editeur / Publisher
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Bellingham, WA, INTERNATIONAL (1988) (Revue)
SPIE, Bellingham WA, ETATS-UNIS (1999) (Monographie)

Mots-cl▽s anglais / English Keywords
Inspection ; Solder ; Neural network ; X ray radiography ; Digital system ; Binary image ; Three dimensional shape ;
Mots-cl▽s fran?ais / French Keywords
Inspection ; Produit apport brasage tendre ; R▽seau neuronal ; Radiographie RX ; Système num▽rique ; Image binaire ; Forme tridimensionnelle ; Digital tomosynthesis ; Ball grid array (BGA) ; Image RX transversalle ;
Mots-cl▽s espagnols / Spanish Keywords
Inspecci◣n ; Producto aportaci◣n soldadura blanda ; Red neuronal ; Radiografía RX ; Sistema num▽rico ; Imagen binaria ; Forma tridimensional ;
Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 21760, 35400008009608.0180

Copyright 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved

Toute reproduction ou diffusion même partielle, par quelque proc▽d▽ ou sur tout support que ce soit, ne pourra être faite sans l'accord pr▽alable ▽crit de l'INIST-CNRS.
No part of these records may be reproduced of distributed, in any form or by any means, without the prior written Home About Us Material Safety Data Sheets Compliance Documents Distributors Sales Reps Request a Sample Contact Us

Contamination
Empty and Open
Improper Solder Paste Replacement
Joint Cracking
Ratcheting
Non-Contact

The VPI-Optical Inspection Systems are ideal for cost-effective, high-quality BGA inspection and PCB inspection. EasyBraid Co. Also offers BGA Software. Defects can be easily recognized by any operator with basic soldering and rework experience, even defects invisible with X-ray inspection.

View VPI Visual Inspection Technical Details

Download EasyBraid's Inspection Systems Catalog 492 kb pdf

Contact us to learn more
about BGA/PCB Inspection Inspection Systems

Learn more about Easy Braid’s solutions for your ball grid array problem by contacting us. If you find a product or inspection system that would work for you, request a sample or call for more information.

Process Flow & Equipment Used for PCB Assembly Fabrication - RoHS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Return 1 to Main
Material Receiving / Inspection / Management

Receiving tools & equipment
Receiving Department
Receives materials for fab.
Inspection tools & equipment
Inspection Group
Inspects materials per BOM. Reels arrangement & feeders
Kitting Group
Sorting materials per project
Material transfer processing
Distribution Group
Delivering kits to SMT group Material return processing
Residue Material Group
Residue Material Handling

Return 2 to Main
Pre-Production Planning / Equipment Setup

GC plus software tools
Bare PCB Fab (Outsource)
Sends out Gerber files to ... Stencil fabrication tools
Stencil Fab (Outsource)
Sends out Gerber files to ... Solder paste printer Dek 265
Solder Paste Printer Prog.
Programming SP dispenser
Fuji & Amistar Equipment
SMT Part Placement Prog.which can properly interpret the results and their relationship to process and component variables, should be used.

Skilled XRAY technicians like those at BEST make a difference in being able to help you detect process problems or screen for known defects. For instance, some defects such as bridges can be "seen" directly while others can only be detected by their signatures. The correspondence of the signatures to the various defects is known from experience, but can be understood from simple geometrical considerations. For example, if a single BGA solder joint appears brighter than its neighbors, it is obviously not as thick and, hence, must be open (not properly soldered). BEST skilled X-ray technicians can help you screen for defective products based upon yours or BEST's developed acceptance criteria for the given defect.
X-RAY INSPECTION SYSTEMS
450 Electronics Industry Sourcing Sites of the Technology Data Exchange - Directory from the publishers of OEM Technology News

X-RAY INSPECTION directory for Electronics OEMs and their Contract Manufacturers. Hot-linked to TDE members' Websites, E-mail, and RFQ Page. Also, their latest News Release may be hosted on this server, to be accessed by your click. The same News Release is then published in print in OEM Technology News or in Electronic Assembly News, each with 35,000 Guaranteed mailed copies to Original Equipment Manufacturers of Electronics-based products and their Contract Manufacturers. Additional distribution at Electronics Industry trade shows & Expositions nationwide.

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MINI MICRO STENCIL, INC - San Marcos, CA - - Send your parts to us and lower your cost of BGA production and rework and for short run production verification. Hourly rates for X-Ray services - Interpretation of failure returned in a detailed diagnostic report. Over 20 year experience . (888)456-4823, (760)591-3804, Fax: (760)591-0853, E-mail: Sales@MiniMicroStencil.com